The first sentence of 'perldoc -f ref' is wrong: Returns a true value if EXPR is a reference, false otherwise. To wit: $ perl -wle 'print ref bless [] => 0' 0 Patch follows. Abigail --- pod/perlfunc.pod.orig Mon Oct 6 14:45:36 2003 +++ pod/perlfunc.pod Mon Oct 6 14:46:46 2003 @@ -3987,7 +3987,8 @@ =item ref -Returns a true value if EXPR is a reference, false otherwise. If EXPR +Returns a non-empty string if EXPR is a reference, the empty +string otherwise. If EXPR is not specified, C<$_> will be used. The value returned depends on the type of thing the reference is a reference to. Builtin types include:Thread Next