Does anyone know why the code to take a reference of a hash's key, \$hash{KEY} results in the MOD flag on to the 'helem' at #6 below: { 7 TYPE = srefgen ===> 8 FLAGS = (VOID,KIDS) { TYPE = null ===> (7) (was list) FLAGS = (LIST,KIDS,REF,MOD) { 6 TYPE = helem ===> 7 FLAGS = (SCALAR,KIDS,REF,MOD) { 4 TYPE = rv2hv ===> 5 FLAGS = (SCALAR,KIDS,REF) { 3 TYPE = gv ===> 4 FLAGS = (SCALAR) GV = main::hash } } { 5 TYPE = const ===> 6 FLAGS = (SCALAR) PRIVATE = (BARE) SV = PVIV("KEY") } } } This ends up fetching the value for {KEY} by calling Perl_hv_fetch_ent with the 'lval' flag true, which makes it appear to be an assignment to that key, which is confusing me.... Thanks, JeffreyThread Next